Global Terrorism - 646 Words

STRATEGIES OF PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING GLOBAL TERRORISM Author’s Name Institutional Affiliation Date of Submission Terrorism is described as the violent and inhuman acts that get perpetuated for political, ideological, and religious goals with the aim of creating fear among the neutral military personnel. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), it entails the unlawful application of force to property or persons purposely to coerce the society or government in furtherance of social or political objectives. Terrorism is an old phenomenon that is emotive and complex given that such acts invoke tremendous feelings. Throughout human history, those opposed to the ruling governments or leadership have†¦show more content†¦In particular, applications of military forces, violence-for-violence, and negotiation have been applied in different parts of the world to help control and prevent global terrorism. Bibliography Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011. Laqueur, Walter. The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pillar, Paul. Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2013. Rubenstein, Richard. Alchemists of Revolution: Terrorism in the Modern World. New York: Basic Books, 2011. Wilkinson, Paul. Terrorism versus Democracy: The Liberal State Response. London: Frank Cass,Show MoreRelatedTerrorism And The Global Terrorism Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesTerrorism is certainly not innovative and despite the fact, that it has been documented throughout history, it is moderately difficult to define what terrorism is. When it comes to discussing terrorism, it has been publicly understood from either exploiting or threatening the brutality in order to enhance a political cause; this can be confusing as there isn’t a universally approved definition towards terrorism. For instance, the Global Terrorism Index has analysed that 64,000 people were killedRead MoreTerrorism And Areas Of Global Terrorism1391 Words   |  6 Pagesa decade terrorism has been a growing concern in the news. One of the most notorious acts of terrorism was 9/11. The events and aftermath of 9/11 was a wakeup call for many Americans. Not only was it a wakeup call to the citizens but also bu sinesses were affected by it. The following paper will investigate terrorism and areas of global strategy impacted by terrorism. The paper will also investigate efforts to curb terrorist threats against globalization. Introduction Terrorism and global businessRead MoreTerrorism And The Global Terrorism Database Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) through the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) through the University of Maryland from 1970 through 1999 there were on average six terror attacks per day across the globe for this thirty year period resulting in about a 70,000 total attacks. Now if we look at the twenty-first century we have a similar story. From 2000 through 2014 the world experienced about 72,000 total attacks. However, this is concerning because this is aRead MoreGlobal Warming And Terrorism : Terrorism971 Words   |  4 Pages Global warming and terrorism are two transnational problems that states face in the 21st century. Globalization has brought the attention of the entire world to come together to solve the issues of collective goods for the betterment of mankind. The effects of man-made global warming and terrorism - mainly s uicide terrorism, are certainly challenges that call for solutions. When solving terrorism, states must invest heavily in homeland security in order to send a powerful message towards terroristRead MoreTerrorism Is A Global Issue1462 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism is a global issue that has been a problem for many for centuries. Many agree that there is not just one clear definition of the word. The Dictionary.com definition of terrorism is, â€Å"The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes.† This definition is incomplete. It doesn’t tell you that the act of terrorism is wrong or does it describe who can be affected by it. The FBI’s definition seems to be a better description. They define it as, â€Å"TerrorismRead MoreTerrorism : A Global Issue Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesAngela Brown Professor Miller English 112 13 Sept 2015 Terrorism Many of us will embrace our loved ones before leaving our homes to start a hectic workday. As we hug our children and kiss our spouses goodbye, the thought of losing them, or our lives to acts of terrorism, is typically not one to cross our minds. On September 11, 2001, this mere thought became the reality for many families. The eleventh of September will forever be remembered as the date a terrorist organization, known as al-QaedaRead MoreTerrorism Is A Global Issue1155 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism is a global issue that most Canadians have come accustomed to hearing. Due to the sudden rise of terrorist acts with the Boston bombings and the shootings in Paris, terrorism is all that seems to appear on the news. But there are many parts of terrorism that people don’t know about. Like the fact that at one point the United States armed Muslim extremist in Afghanistan, who would later make up Al Qeada, to help them win the fight against the soviets who once occupied Afghanistan . TerrorismRead MoreGlobal War On Terrorism And Terrorism1367 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal War On Terrorism   Ã‚  Ã‚   The attack executed in the United States on September 11, 2001 was one of the worst attacks and acts of war ever seen in U.S. history. On that day 2,996 innocent people were killed, over 6,000 people were injured, and about $10 billion in structural and infrastructure damages was caused. The cost added up to $3 trillion in total.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Global War on Terrorism is a metaphor of war referring to the global military campaign led by the United States of America. The warRead MoreTerrorism And Its Impact On Global Politics1734 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Terrorism has a very significant impact in global politics. The impact on global politics is now more significant than ever before, due to the rise of terrorist organisations such as the Islamic State and al-Qaeda. Terrorists use attacks to create chaos and fear in society, forcing global political reactions to control the threat. Fear created through the media is believed to exaggerate the global threat posed by terrorism. Terrorism is able to dramatically change the scope of global politicsRead MoreTerrorism : A Global Rebirth Of Attacks1405 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism has occurred throughout history, but today the world is experiencing a global rebirth of attacks. Today, it no longer affects only small societies, such as isolated third world countries who fell victim to regular terrorist attacks; but the whole world is becoming more familiar with terrorist groups, like ISIS, and more. Terrorism can be defined as â€Å"the deliberate creation of fear to bring out political cha nge.† (Nancy Ing and Page 3). All terrorist acts involve violence or the threat of

Music Is An Art That The Tones - 1849 Words

Assignment â€Å"Music is an art that the tones have been arranged accordingly sequence, and produce a unified and continuous composition (Webster s II New Riverside University Dictionary, 1984).† Music does not have any fixed form but it has different meaning for different people. I think that music is a sound that is filled with a person’s emotions, feelings, and thoughts; meanwhile it can also affect a person feelings and thought. I like brisk and lively songs that make me feel happy and relax, instead of heavy sad song or strong rhythm hit song because I can easily be emotional. Among all other songs, â€Å"Wide Awake† sung by an American singer named Katy Perry is a meaningful song for me. I still remember the first time I listened to this song was in the evening, and I had just went back from school and was having a rest in the living room while watching Astro Hitz with my sister. This song showed up in the television and I cannot move my eyes away from Kat y Perry’s music video. It was so touching and powerful for me, I can feel the beat, bass, pitch, and the lyrics that played around my head. It is an amazing song that I had ever heard and it touched my heart. I always wanted to live in a world that has no war, no natural disaster, no pollution, and everyone is so kind and nice. Yet, it was just a dream for me because the reality shown us that everything in this world may not always be wonderful. Sometimes, I feel like escaping myself from this world because everyone wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Art of Arranging Tones into Music634 Words   |  3 PagesMusic is defined as â€Å"The art of arranging tones in an orderly sequence so as to produce a unified and continuous composition† (Websters II: New Riverside University Dictionary). A few tones that pair up in harmony can do wonders to anyone. A person’s preference in music may show up in the way he/she looks, talks, and acts. Not only does music shape a person, but it also shapes the norms of society. Music is shown throughout the chronology of life, from infancy to adulthood, music has a big impactRead MoreI Am At The David Owsley Museum968 Words   |  4 Pagespiece of music that causes a picture or painting to come to life? When I was at the David Owsley Museum I was looking at art pieces that had more of a realistic feel and trying to find one that was interesting to me. The Rapids, Sister Island, Niagara by William Morris Hunt caught my attention by just looking at it, and then I listened to Variation XI â€Å"G.R.S.† by Edward Elgar, and I really enjoyed the two pieces of art placed together. There were three things that caught my attention to the music andRead MoreMusic And Painting From 20th Century Western Music History1118 Words   |  5 PagesYaojun Song Mus114 Sam Music and Painting During the study of 20th-century Western music history in this class, I found out there are may same movements of art and music. I took 20th century Art history as well so there is always the comparison of them in my mind. Music and art appear to be two different art forms. Music is both auditory art, but also an art of time and movement. Music express musicians’ feelings through sound, it will create images in the mind of the viewer for them to haveRead MoreCreative Arts : An Essential Area Of Development For Young Children Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesCreative arts are an essential area of development for young children in their early years of schooling. When young children are engaged in arts activities they can use their senses to explore the world around them (Garvis, 2012). The practice of creative arts in the classroom is generally related to the teacher’s philosophy of arts education as well as the amount of arts education children are involved in during their formal schooling. Creative arts can also be a useful form of communication, particularlyRead MoreMusic : Music And Music949 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of music is very different to many people. Some say that music is the arrangement of sound and silence. Others like myself say music is that and much more. Music is an aural form of art that is used to express emotion and touch the hearts of the listener through the use of phrasing, dynamics, style and tone color. Music is a very universal art form. There are not many people in this world who do not listen to at least some form of music weather it be pop or rock music on the radio, orRead More The Influence of The Impressionist Era Essay1015 Words   |  5 Pagesof The Impressionist Era Impressionism, one of the later eras in classical music composition. An era where emotions are expressed vividly while still following musical structure, where music caused much political controversy, and where France became known for its musical talent. In this essay you will read of how impressionism set a lasting mark in musical and national histories, and how it influenced modern music as we know it. The Impressionist Era all started with Claude Debussy, beingRead MoreCall And Response ( Whole Class )916 Words   |  4 Pagesthe pattern that is a mixture of sound and silence. Our Art professor highlights the focus of this course with three main Performing Arts: Music, Drama, and Dance. Every Arts teacher requires pedagogical approach in order to make learning art effective. Fiona introduces to us 2 ways as strategies to draw a better picture for students to understand Beat and Rhythm better, which are: Body Percussion and Instrumental composition. In music, Body Percussion [Figure 1] refers to using oneself body asRead MoreMusic As A Form Of Art1125 Words   |  5 PagesMusic is an art to reflect human’s emotion. It is the science or art of using tones and sounds in association and in temporal relationships to make construction having unity and continuity.It can be divided into classical music, pop music, folk music and instrumental music. In the types of art, music belongs to abstract art. Music can make people pleasant and bring enjoyment of auditory sense to people.Music refer to an art include melody, rhythm ,harmony vocal and instrumental sou nds.There is noRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment : Classical, Romantic, And Modern1023 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, music has transformed and evolved from style to style with numerous contributions by many composers and musicians that have dedicated their lives to changing the music world. We saw huge changes in styles between each musical era. From 1750 until the present day, there have been three major musical eras: classical, romantic, and modern. 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Powers of Crisis Response Strategies †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Powers of Crisis Response Strategies. Answer: Introduction This report deals with the public relation error committed by the united airlines. A 60 years reputed doctor was so harshly disembarked from the flight just to accommodate their own employees, in the situation of overbooking. With the increasing status quo it has become very important to understand how nowadays public relation is one of the most important management function and how this situation would have been handled more patiently without insulting the valued customer of the company, and spoiling the brand image of the company by giving negative experience to the co-passengers. Public Relation department of the organization plays very important role in facilitating a relationship with the organization and public. As PR department by their sudden prudent decisions can save the image of the company in such state of affairs. A prudent PR team can be a saviour for the organization at the time such drastic mishappenings (Sheeehan Johnston 2014). On Sunday 9 April 2011 an unfortunate passenger Dr. Dao was dragged very harshly by the officers of united airlines, when he dejected to disembark the flight 3411. The incident started when the flight crew officers asked passengers to voluntarily deplane in order to accommodate the crew members to Louisville to meet another flight, when the required number of seats did not get vacant, they asked Dr. Dao to deplane but he refused. As Dr.Dao was medical practioner and had to reach Louisville for his patients appointment, but when he refused he was harshly dragged out from the flight. (Reuters, 2017) Reputed customer of the united airlines was treated unmannerly to meet out companys own mission this situation created very negative image of the company. After this inhuman behavior of the company, president of United Airlines in his first interview was not at all in apology tone, which resulted a huge disgrace in the public that lead to decreased rating and falling down of companys stock prices, which forced president Munoz to reappear in the press and give formal apology to public. As per the recent news of 28 September 2017, united airlines and Dr. Dao had amicable agreement, company paid huge amount to Dr.Dao to close the case (United airlines reaches settlement, 2017) Importance of Public Relation in the organization Gruing Hunt (1984) defined a public relation is the two way communication system between organization and customer. In todays competitive world companys reputation is of the highest importance and the responsibility to take care of this is on the head of PR department, Proactive public relations practitioners will be ready to take advantage of opportunities when they arise and to prevent potential problems from flaring up. (Allen, Patrick, Stacey, Frank, 2008) as the crisis can happen anytime and a prudent PR team should know how to handle the situation and to keep the reputation of the company high. Coombs (2007) notes that crisis threatens to damage the reputations because a crisis gives people a reason to think badly of the organization if a reputation shifts from favorable to unfavorable stakeholders can change how they interact with the organization .At the time of crisis the main responsibility of PR officials to take care of five most important things a,) company in crisis should always take fact action in order to address the public for immediate information of the crisis. b) The company should be very truthful in giving information to the stakeholders as it can help from spoiling the image. C) The company should always try to give every information at each step as delay in information can lead to rumors in the market which can truly destroy the image. d) it is very important to show concern for the victim of crisis and show that company in apologetic mode and it truly cares for them, as this will help the organization to get the forgiveness from the public or stakeholder s. e) Finally, the company should always follow the most ethical two-way symmetrical theory given by Gruings Hunts which guides to manage a systematic two-way symmetrical communication as it does not lead to monologue it supports dialogue between company and stakeholders. The systematic way of resolving any crisis is a three-step approach which includes (Gruing Hunt, 1984) Crisis Management In todays competitive era and ever-changing time, it is very important to have strong crisis management system in the organization in order to help the organization in losing the brand image or reputations through some mishappenings in the organization. Crises are rare events that disturb the normal operations of an organization, with knocks on the implications for its assets, its future relationships with a companys stakeholders which threaten the very survival of the organization (Carroll, 2009 Feng , 2010). As crisis can threaten the image of the company and can lead stakeholders to lose the trust in the company, Coombs (2010). Company need to follow a specific communication strategy as per the situation demands in order to hold strong trust in the mind of the consumer Feng, (2010). As per Coombs (2009) pre-crisis should embrace concerns for prevention and preparation. The crisis stage is concerned with response: Process and content. The post-crisis phase gives various voices and managements the opportunity for follow-up communication, perhaps, for instance, offering the lessons learned from the crisis that can reduce the likelihood of recurrence, mitigate it if does, prevent recurrence, and prepare stakeholders for that event. Coombs (2009). Under this strategy organization attempts to remove connection between organization and crisis, claiming that no such crisis happened, without taking charge of it. Organization act very indifferent to problem at hand Evasion of responsibility The organization tries to attempts to mitigate the responsibility from the crisis, and protect themselves by saying that they are innocent and are not responsible for the crisis happened, and the organization convey message that their intentions were good, and it was out of their hand to prevent the crisis. The organization tries to give good impression about themselves to the public as after crisis their image can be perceived negatively. So they try to give positive thought to the audience in order to reduce their offensiveness. For example company through advertising highlight their good deeds give a thought to the people that company do think about their customers in order to negate the effect of mishappenings in the organization. Corrective strategy is a kind of responsible step by any organization, as under this strategy organization put their effort to solve the problem occurred and make sure that it doesnt happen again in future. This strategy aims to rectify the mistakes committed by the company, this aims to gives the positive image of the organization to its stakeholders or the esteemed customers. Under this strategy organization take full charge of crisis occurred by their side and ask for apology to the people, this strategy is of the high level of acceptance as per many researchers as public always forgive if organization take charge. Customers always favors company who are ready to charge of whatever they do, and who have a sense of apology after any crisis. Phases of Crisis management Phases of crisis management is the process of handling the crisis at different point of time when any mishappenings come at the end of the organization. At all the stages there altogether different ways to handle crisis at the hand namely Pre crisis , during crisis and post crisis in all the phases should try that their ball did not surrender itself and let the competitor leverage out the situation and prevent competitor to build image or trust on the failure song of the company under crisis situation. Pre-crisis is based on the concept of prevention is better than cure that is to remain ready for any type of situations.it is always better to keep yourself prepare rather than to panic in the crisis situation. Company which is always prepare for each type of emergency situations tend to have a consistently good image in the market as company officers are trained in such companies to handle any situation without hurting anyone and without effecting the brand image of the company. (Coombs, 2006) There are so many tasks that involves at the time of crisis i.e. taking care of companys reputation and brand image, this phase is the most critical situation as at the time of crisis globes eye is on the company under crisis at their one wrong step can let them suffer from huge loss, because it is very to lose the trust but it takes years build in short company employees should handle situation in very calm and quick way without hampering any ones interest PR department always tries to make Win-Win situation for the organization and the stakeholders. Post-crisis phase basically deals in reputation building phase, PR department should try to bring in notice the recovery phase and company should promise the stakeholders to deliver value they are worth from the organization. Company should always try to give some good thought to change the negative perception created. PR errors done by the United Airlines United airlines created their own crisis and handled it miserably, company has handled the situation very badly as company acted in very inhuman way and it insulted the reputed customer of the airlines Errors in Pre-Crisis Phase: Company was not ready to handle any situation of overbooking, and even company was not having any preplanning to send their employees to meet any other flight at other destination. Company should have pre-planning for such obvious situation, as per situation mentioned in the case if the company would have pre planning to handle these situation crisis occurred in company could not have occurred. Errors during Crisis phase: During crisis, company behaved in a very inhuman way, company did not care for both stakeholder and companys reputation. Behavior of company officers towards a passenger was very heartening as dragging any customer forcibly with blood on the face proves that the company officers lacks the human values, as just to serve the companys problem in hand, insulting any other person and hurting him is actually very bad. Errors in Post-Crisis phase: Company did not even follow the rebuild strategy, President of the company Mr. Munoz did not even apologize, to the victim passenger and to other stakeholders, his actions proved that customers or stakeholders hardly matter to the company. This pushed the matter in social media very heavily and people protested for the company, after huge protest DR.Munoz reappear on the global TV news channel with apology. This was actually an immature way to handle such disastrous situation. Recently Oscar Munoz President of united airlines had amicable settlement with Dr.Dao Company paid an unknown amount in order to settle down this matter although company created a win win situation but it definitely lost PR war. Conclusion United Airlines whose main objective is To make every flight a positive experience for the customer themselves created negative experience for esteem customer Dr. Dao and his co passengers as company (under study) handled the situation untactfully and itself destroyed its brand image. This proved that united airlines do not have a sound PR department who can take the charge of the situation and can handle the situation in a tactful manner. In todays competitive world when customer is king and the main objective of any organization is to keep customer happy, creating such situation is really very heartening because a company dont have any right to mis-treat any customer all the organization should be ready to handle any situation which can create the image dilution situation. Recommendation Every companies who works for the betterment of the customer, need to have robust and Proactive PR department who are ready to handle any mishappenings. PR department should give proper training to the employees of the company who are actually the face of the company whose acts are directly responsible for the image of the company. Employees should be given proper training to handle the situation in the all the phases of crisis management. pre-crisis phase, if situation is out of hand company cannot prevent the crisis, then PR department should be ready to manage situation, and dont let ball out of their court and give chance to customer and media too think or let them compel to think bad for them and should try to manage the situation during crisis. If still situations get worst and crisis get happen with the organization, PR team should prudently and strategically handle the post crisis situation to gain some emotional favor and apology from the stake holders. Organization should never try to hurt the stakeholders who have deep trust in them as it takes year to build trust and strong image in the mind of customer, but it takes seconds to get it destroyed and once it is destroyed by some misdeed it is very difficult to rebuild that trust and brand image again, as competitors are always ready to leverage such opportunity. Thus to save company from all of this there should be a strong Savior PR department who can guide all the employees, train them to handle situations at hand very efficiently. Just few things if the company take care beforehand, can save company from huge loss, as prudent planning, quick response by PR department is the key to handle any difficult situation in the organization. References Alzahrani, F. 2016, The role of public relation in organizational crisis management, International journal of scientific and engineering research, Vol.7, no.1, pp.1085- 1086 Carroll,C. 2009, Defying a reputational crisis Cadbury's Salmonella Scare: Why are Customers Willing to Forgive and Forget? Corporate Reputation Review. Vol.1, pp. 64-82. Center, H, A., Jackson, P, Smith, S Stanberry, F. 2008, Public relations practices- managerial case studies, Pearson publication, Vol.7pp. 368 Coombs, W.T. 2007, Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The Development and Application of Situational Crisis Communication Theory, Corporate Reputation Review, Vol.10, no.3, pp.163-177. Feng, Y, 2010. Toyota Crisis- Management ignorance- A Swedish case of consumer perceptions (Masters Thesis) Halmstad University E., Gruing, L. A. 1989, Toward a theory of the public relations behavior of organizations: Review of a program of research.Public Relations Research Annual, Vol.1, pp.27-66 Johnston, J Sheehan, M. (ed.) 2014. Public Relation Theory and Practice, Allen unwin London Reuters, M. United Passenger Dr. David Suffered concussion, broken nose during forcible removal, Lawyer says, The Sunday morning herald, 27 April 2017 Available from https://www.smh.com.au/business/aviation/united-passenger-dr-david-dao-suffered-concussion-broken-nose-during-forcible-removal-lawyer-says-20170413-gvksv4.html United airlines reaches settlement with Dr. Dao 2017, Mailone, 28 September, Available from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4453204/United-Airlines-reaches-settlement-Dr-David-Dao.html Coombs, W.T. and Holladay, S.J. (eds.). 2011.The handbook of crisis communication(Vol. 22). John Wiley Sons. Smith, J, L. 2007, when it hits the fan: a public relations practioner guide to crisis communication. (Thesis), Georgia University. Coombs W. T.2010.Crisis communication: A developing field. InHeath R. L.(Ed.), The Sage handbook of public relations pp.477-488.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage. Coombs W. T.2006.The protective powers of crisis response strategies: Managing reputational assets during a crisis. Journal of Promotion Management, Vol.12, pp.241-259.

Integrated Information Systems

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the theoretical application of integrated information systems in various organizations around the world. As businesses expand from small and medium sized firm to large cross-border enterprises, the operations become more complex.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Large organizations often encounter tough challenges, especially when it comes to managing the complexity of operations involving many stakeholders and diverse units. The effective management and coordination of the operations of the mega enterprises requires a smooth flow of reliable information. Traditionally, firms utilize orthodox systems that do not provide timely and inclusive information. This paper seeks to investigate and reinforce the significance of employing Integrated Information Systems (IIS) to help managers run the large ente rprises better from a central point. The essay reveals that the integrated information systems include the automation software platforms that have been developed to help managers control organizational data with a view of establishing a perfect position to supervise each unit. Introduction Information is one of the most valuable resources of a firm around which business processes unfold. The overall performance of a firm is contingent on its ability to manage the flow of information between its constituent elements. Managerial decisions largely depend on the carefully analyzed information including on-going projects, distribution, demand forecasting, customer communication, production, stock levels, and supplier information among many other constituents of a business firm. In the advent of rapid globalization, technological dynamics, and inter-organizational dependency that shape the modern-day business, the need for appropriate information management systems is inevitable to handle the plethora of complex operations. The term ‘digital firm’ has gained popularity to define this emerging trend in contemporary business. In the last one decade, a new class of integrated software applications has emerged with a view of enabling the digital firm to manage the complexity of the information involved effectively. This paper critically analyzes the integrated information systems that can help the digital firm manage flow of information efficiently to promote the smooth flow of the organizational processes and profitability.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Review Over the past decade, rapid changes in technology that have greatly affected the way modern business is conducted have been witnessed. There has been notable advancement in technology, especially in the facilitation of information flow and sharing between the different stakeholders of the modern business firms (Laudon Laudon, 2013). The impact of digitization on business can be exemplified by looking at the current functionality of the stakeholders. The utilization of integrated information systems that have been catapulted through digitization, the modern firm now has an unlimited power of information sharing and dissemination across its stakeholders regardless of the complexity and distance involved. For instance, the digitization technology has reshaped various business models by lowering the barriers to the entry and expansion of markets by enterprises across the globe. For instance, it is possible for an organization to engage over 500 million Skype users using the Voice-Over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology today (Alaa Fitzgerald, 2013). This business communication model has fundamentally disrupted the traditional business strategies. As a result, many companies have opted to follow suit in the fear of missing the competitive advantage brought abou t the technology. Currently, firms rely heavily on the social media for the creation of brands, launching of products, and communication with customers among many other service provisions surrounding the marketing activities. Consumers also use the internet to search information regarding products that they can even be bought offline. They compare products and prices besides involving other online groups in discussions and views on particular brands (Laudon Laudon, 2013). It is the role of the digital firm to act in response to this emerging consumer behavior by adopting the appropriate integrated information systems to capture the changing customer needs. The strategy can help the firms gain a competitive edge over their rivals. Today, the web plays a key role in the retail channel that has ultimately disrupted traditional business practice. Digitization has led to the emergence of new winners and losers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated I nformation Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firms such as the Amazon Inc., whose annual sales totaled US$3.2 Billion in 2001, skyrocketed to approximately US$49 billion in 2011. The firm emerged as a winner in its industry while the losers including the brick-and-mortar retailers and Borders lost their market shares. This situation led to the dissolution of such firms. The primary role of information is to merge all business operations and functions for proving the base for managerial decisions. The goal of managing information is to achieve the intended enterprise objectives including improving the firm’s performance and sustaining growth. Some of the benefits of the effective information systems include better understanding of the business functions, appropriate problem analysis, and value-added communication among the different constituents of an enterprise. Other advantages include the formulation of prompt and info rmed decisions for better firm control. The performance of businesses is largely based on the implemented information systems. Efficient information systems are compared to a library system that provides useful data to all the management levels in the firm. The library plays a critical role in the collection, classification, and archiving of data that the whole community relies on to retrieve the information required guiding various decisions. The decisions on different tasks bring about an improved overall performance of the firm when they are implemented appropriately (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Enterprises need efficient and properly integrated information systems to evade losing the ground in the rapidly changing business environment. The information provides enterprises with numerous competencies including the realization of low-cost production and excellent customer services. The Disconnect of the Traditional Information Systems The traditional business models face the problem of non-conformity to the changing business environment. Traditional firms utilize the orthodox information management systems and tools that do not match the contemporary business demands. A substantial amount of literature puts forward numerous problems associated with the traditional information systems.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Firstly, they adopt a top-down decision-making process where senior managers formulate orders for the less informed subordinates to implement (Laudon Laudon, 2013). The lack of proper coordination of information due to the burdening hierarchical management system, the firms fail to notice the changes in the organization. Secondly, they lack information systems to link the departments. This disconnection leads to failed functions, duplication of reports, and delayed communication, a situation that affects the overall performance of the enterprise. In most organizations, the separate departments including the accounting, human resources (HR), marketing, sales, and production had independent information systems (Laudon Laudon, 2013). In the orthodox management plan, strategic decision-making was challenging since the acquisition of information for analysis involved long processes. Data regarding the various departments was availed in the form of separate files with different versions that the general manager had to spend several days to analyze before making decisions. With each department having separate computer programs to operate, it implied that there were multiple files created. In a five or ten-year span, the size of files created can be enormous, giving the management the burden of handling and loss of time. These problems can be a source of demotivation, fatigue, and increased turnover rates. Firms that utilize the traditional information handling methods are prone to failure owing to the lack of coordination and duplication of roles that result in resource wastage and untapped opportunities (Mabry, Chengho, Bigler, 2014). The planning process conducted without up-to-date information results in recurring failure in the enterprise. Some researchers argue that planning cycles in the traditional firms can be too long, and do not match the pace of the changing business environment. Such problems make the management of firms hard because they rely on the t raditional methods concentrating on past scenarios. The traditional data handling systems are also faced with the problem of data redundancy and inconsistency (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Such instances and adverse trends can be resolved using the modern integrated information systems that communicate between the internal and external environments of the enterprise. The modern management practice also boosts the coordination of the operations with a view of establishing a central information system to oversee each unit. Organizing the Information Systems in a Digital Firm Many modern firms have acknowledged the role of information as an ingredient of the organizational communication function. The IT department in most companies manages the organization of information (Mabry et al., 2014). Its governance entails the policies and strategies that govern the utilization of technology to handle the company information. It guides the decision-making processes (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Furthermor e, it draws the accountability framework to ensure that the appropriate technology is executed to facilitate the smooth flow of information in the organization. The systems form a part of a series of value-adding activities for acquisition, transformation, and distribution of information that can be utilized by the managers to improve decision-making. Organizations face challenges that stem from both the internal and external environments. Information systems are designed to offer reliable solutions to such organizational challenges (Mabry et al., 2014). The information systems transform data into meaningful knowledge to guide decision-making with an aim of improving the performance of the enterprise. According to Mabry et al. (2014), the realization of the organization’s strategic goals is derailed in situations where they fail to adopt management information systems. The systems help the organization improve the customer relations, functional superiority, value-added decisi ons, and market effectiveness among others. Technically, the systems help in the collection of data, storage, and timely dissemination of information from the external and internal environments of the firm with a goal of supporting the organizational functions (Balfe, Sharples, Wilson, 2015). These operations can be classified as input, processing, and output. They play a central role in the provision of solutions to problems facing the business initiatives of the enterprises. Organizing the information systems involves the adoption of viable business models, shaping a culture that supports it, and generating the political will through the appropriate leadership models to convert the efforts into a prosperous organization. To obtain a meaningful value of the information systems, organizations ought to show the support for the technology investment, suitable complementary investments, and proactive management styles. The complementary investments include the relevant corporate cultu re, employee behavior, new business models and processes, high technology standards, favorable regulation and legislation, and the will to maintain an up-to-date information system. Some scenarios involve the fortification of the managerial and organizational structure, especially during the introduction of new technology (Bafe et al., 2015). Theoretical Application of the Integrated Information Systems The digital firm embraces integrated information systems that promote an accurate handling of information to ensure that the different departments in an enterprise receive and share timely information from a central point (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). To achieve this transformation, numerous technological developments have been tested and proven efficient in the management of information. They mostly revolve around the utilization of computer software as discussed extensively in this section. Enterprise Resource Planning One of the most proactive and proven IIS software is the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. This software helps business firms integrate a range of business functions and processes with a view of establishing a central system for managing the overall business errands (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). This software has been adopted mainly by not only the multinationals but also small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This move has enabled them cut the unnecessary operational costs. The ERP concept can be discussed from different viewpoints. At the outset, it is a marketed product sold as computer application software. Secondly, the ERP can be seen as a development goal mapping all enterprise data and processes into a comprehensive and integral structure. Thirdly, it can be viewed as a key component of an infrastructure that provides apt business solutions (Uà §aktà ¼rk Villard, 2013). The ERP system is designed to promote an aggressive and efficient business strategy with a view of enabling firms to manage their resources including the materials , workforce, suppliers, customers, and finance. It provides a wholesome and integrated solution for the enterprise’s information processing needs. The ERP also provides the standardization of the business processes across the firm. It is known for its business revolutionizing capabilities including the automation and integration of the firm’s processes, sharing of common data and practices across the entire business, and providing access to information in a real-time environment. The ERP can improve the business processes while cutting the perceived operational costs. The two significant frontiers for the software include the supply chain management and e-commerce (Drnevich Croson, 2013). The capabilities and effectiveness of the ERP have been tested through its widespread application in the supply chain management whereby it is linked with other business functions. Firms can slash the cycle times and reduce the inventory with the help of the ERP. Despite its widely c ited implementation costs, the ERP has evaded expensive errors that enterprises make with the traditional handling processes. A substantial amount literature also provides the evidence-based success factors for the ERP in spite of its expensive installation costs. The ERP concept is represented in figure 1.0 showing how the information from the different constituents of an enterprise can be controlled from a central point. Figure 1.0 The ERP systems concept The successful implementation and functionality of the ERP system is contingent on its alignment with the organizational processes and correspondence to the enterprise culture, strategy, and organizational structure (Uà §aktà ¼rk Villard, 2013). The system seeks to improve both the fundamental and front-end functions of the enterprise simultaneously. Various reports indicate that the ERP has gained substantial market popularity due to its capability to include additional business functions such as the Internet-based transacti ons and communications. The users are reaping the benefits of managing the information from a system that permits more processes to be included in addition to the ones configured initially. Evidence-Based Application of the ERP System as an Integrated Information Tool Numerous companies that are among the leading firms worldwide have applied the ERP system. The main enterprise software vendors include the Oracle, SAP, and SSA Global. Currently, there are versions of the ERP software packages designed for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) obtainable via the webs offered by various service providers (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). These systems can communicate with the external business elements including the customers, suppliers, and other organizations alongside the initial design for the internal operations of the firm. The ERP framework provides value to the firms by increasing the operational efficiency. It also integrates firm’s information into the system thereby underp inning the formulation of decisions that are more informed. Large companies whose operations are highly complex involving long supply chain, distant units, and numerous management departments have attested the effectiveness of the ERP (Laudon Laudon, 2013). The system helps the companies by providing them with standardized data that is used by all the stakeholders regardless of their different locations. For instance, the implementation of the SAP enterprise software enabled the Coca-Cola Company to standardize and coordinate its business processes in over 200 countries around the globe. Before the adoption of the SAP enterprise software, the company was having trouble leveraging its global business processes. The implementation of the ERP system led to an increased worldwide buying power of the company’s products and response to the rapid market changes (Durugbo Riedel, 2013). The ERP systems help firms respond timely to requests and orders from the customers since the sof tware facilitates the integration of information on the incoming orders, manufacturing processes, and delivery of data. In this way, the firm manufactures in response to the orders made by the customers (Drnevich Croson, 2013). In addition, this integration enables the procurement process to determine the amount of the raw materials to be acquired in response to the manufacturing needs of refilling the actual orders (Drnevich Croson, 2013). Similarly, the Alcoa Company made a groundbreaking reduction of the transaction costs after implementing the Oracle enterprise software. The software also resulted in the decrease of the redundant processes and systems. Prior to the implementation of the ERP, the company took exceedingly long before receiving the payments for delivered products due to the absence of a system to process the receipts (Balfe et al., 2015). Following the successful acquisition and implementation of the Oracle ERP system, the Alcoa Company accounts payable transacti on processing saw an 89% sharp drop. The Impact of Integrated Information System on Supply Chain Management The effectiveness of the ERP system has been proved to have significant effects on the supply chain management, especially in the mega companies where the operations can get more complex (Uà §aktà ¼rk Villard, 2013). The supply chain of any business is made up of various components that include the business processes, resource goods, production means, and distribution networks. It involves many players such as the firm, suppliers, distribution channels, and customers (Blessing Mavengere, 2014). These constituents are involved in the core functions of the business that are associated with the financial transactions. Managing the functions in a multinational organization can be tricky (Balfe et al., 2015). At this stage, the integrated information systems such as the ERP come into play. A system is needed to control the procurement of raw materials, transform them into interm ediate and finished commodities, and coordinate the distribution of the finished products to the customers. The management needs to have access to the information about each unit in the complex supply chain to support the formulation of better decisions for the firm. This acquaintance will also help in the evaluation of the economic position of the activities at any point in time. Inefficiencies in the supply chain management can occur due to the absence of an appropriately integrated system that can avail the information on each of the complex units involved. Major inefficiencies observed in the supply chain include component shortages, underutilized plant capacity, deficient or surplus finished products inventory, exorbitant transport costs, delayed deliveries, and little customer information coordination among other crucial errors. Instances such as the manufacturers keeping excessive inventory due to the lacking information about shipping are common. As a result, the stock level increases. This situation escalates the stocking costs. The enterprise system software helps evade a scenario that can waste up to 25% of the operational costs of the firm. The system enables the manufacturer gain access to information on the exact number of units of a particular product that the customers require and exact time of production and delivery. The ERP has been proven to promote the just-in-time strategy for manufacturers whereby the production perfectly corresponds to the customer needs and delivery time (Blessing Mavengere, 2014). Information systems facilitate the supply chain management in many ways. At the outset, it helps firms decide when and what to produce, store, and distribute (Blessing Mavengere, 2014). In addition, it promoted rapid communication and tracking of order requests from the clients and checking inventory levels and availability. The ERP systems have contributed to reducing costs of inventory, transportation, and warehousing. It facilitates the t racking of shipment for raw materials from the suppliers. Besides, it monitors the distribution of finished products to the retail outlets and customers in different regions and countries around the globe, particularly for the global business firms. The integrated information systems help manufacturers plan production activities by scheduling the production activities in line with the customer demands (Drnevich Croson, 2013). Moreover, the systems provide a rapid communication framework for product design changes in response to the customer tastes and shifting market forces. The supply chain system is designed to help firms plan and execute manufacturing procedures successfully. Furthermore, they underpin the modeling of the supply chain, creation of demand projections, and coordination of supplies and manufacturing decisions. On the other hand, the supply execution systems help firms manage the flow of products from the manufacturing and distribution channels to the right destinat ions. The information systems also assist in the tracking of the physical conditions of products, management of materials, warehousing, and transportation operations. Besides, they confirm the financial information associated with the above operations. The major software vendors for supply chain management include the Manugistics and i2 Technologies. In addition, the enterprise software vendors including the SAP and Oracle-PeopleSoft provide various supply chain management modules. A perfect example of the utilization of the supply chain systems is demonstrated by the Dubai Ports (DP) World, a leading terminal operator in the world. It adopts a customer-centric approach that supports its supply chains in more than 50 terminals located in over 40 countries globally. The system helps the DP World provide excellent innovative services in the handling of bulk, container, and terminal cargos. The firm gives customers priority by heavily investing in tech-savvy resources to provide qualit y services. The DP World helps shippers around the globe handle the complex supply chains involving container handling. Through the adoption of the ERP systems, the DP World has managed to ease congestion challenges rampant in the container terminals (Drnevich Croson, 2013). It utilizes numerous information technology-based solutions that have improved the terminal capacity use significantly. The automated system conducts functions such as the recording, analysis, authentication, reporting, and clearance of the shipment using the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) interface. The information system also offers an opportunity for both traders and consumers to manage orders and deliveries online. The introduction of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has led to various advantages. At the outset, the management of the distribution logistics has been improved owing to the faster clearance of the shipment. This situation has significantly increased the flow of traffic th ereby reducing congestion at the facility. The DP World customers can boast of the easier cargo clearance and transportation to the offshore destinations. This strategy was achieved through the upgraded truck management that saw the prevention of queues in the terminals thereby reducing the number of trucks on the public roads. Application of Integrated Information Systems in Customer Relationship Management Marketing researchers have more often contended that establishing a knowledge base about a firm’s customers is the most competitive phenomenon in the modern-day business environment. The traditional assumption of gaining a competitive edge by moving the highest quantity of products or demonstrating the best innovation has been recently challenged by the notion of understanding customer analysis. A sustainable firm’s growth and profitability do not only depend on constant innovation but also the proper understanding of the consumer dynamics. This situation can be ac hieved by the utilization of the best information systems in the customer relationship management (CRM) strategy (Laudon Laudon, 2013). Developing a system that enables the realization of the consumer needs and their consumption behaviors among others is the focus of the CRM. For large companies with diverse market niches, it is not an easy task to know the consumers closely. This situation creates a need to come up with the best strategic information systems to facilitate an accurate synthesis of all the information incoming from different channels including telephone, websites, social media, and face-to-face communication. The CRM seeks to gather and integrate, consolidate, analyze, and redistribute consumer data to various contact points that include communication through e-mails, telephone, websites, wireless devices, and/or retail sites. Advanced CRM packages have modules for partner relationship management (PRM) and employee relationship management (ERM). The PRM software hel ps promote the association between the firm and its partners including suppliers, shareholders, and sponsors. On the other hand, the ERM software deals with the workforce issues such as employee performance, formulation of goals, compensation, appraisals, recruitment, and training among others. Software such as the Sales Force Automation (SFA) utilized in the CRM systems help the sales workforce to speed up the production processes by directing more efforts towards the most valuable and profitable customers. The SFA generates information on the sales prospects, contact, and configuration of the best candidates for substantial prospective purchases. It communicates this information to the sales personnel to underpin the formulation of better decisions. The CRM systems generate useful information including the amount of revenue made against the costs incurred in servicing the customer (Laudon Laudon, 2013). This analytical CRM function is geared towards establishing the customer life time value (CLTV) that portrays the long-term firm-consumer relationship. Conclusion This paper stresses the role of integrating information into a firm. It is evident that poor handling of information can result in a massive company failure due to the lack of appropriate coordination of the different operational units. The paper has presented how the integrated information systems can be utilized to manage the digital firm to eradicate a plethora of problems that accrue due to the continued use of the orthodox systems. The size of information involved escalates as businesses become more complex, especially with the effect of globalization where firms engage in cross-border transactions. As a result, the firms face a tough challenge of ensuring that the crucial information is disseminated timely to the complex units. In response to this complexity, various innovative software-based technologies have been developed to ease the challenge. Reference List Alaa, G., Fitzgerald, G. (2013 ). Re-conceptualizing Agile Information Systems Development using Complex Adaptive Systems Theory. Emergence: Complexity Organization, 15(3), 1-23. Balfe, N., Sharples, S., Wilson, J. (2015). Impact of automation: Measurement of performance, workload, and behavior in a complex control environment. Applied Ergonomics, 47(1), 52-64. Blessing Mavengere, Nicholas. (2014). Role of Information Systems for Strategic Agility in Supply Chain Setting: Telecommunication Industry Study. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 17(1), 100-112. Drnevich, P., Croson, D. (2013). Information technology and business-level strategy: toward an integrated theoretical perspective. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 483-509. Durugbo, C., Riedel, J. (2013). Readiness assessment of collaborative networked organizations for integrated product and service delivery. International Journal of Production Research, 51(2), 598-613. Laudon, K., Laudon, J. (2013). Management of Integrated Information Systems: Ma naging the digital firm. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mabry, S., Chengho, H., Bigler, W. (2014). Quantifying the value of the service-oriented approach to business information systems. Business Studies Journal, 6(1), 1-22. Uà §aktà ¼rk, A., Villard, M. (2013). The Effects of Management Information and ERP Systems on Strategic Knowledge Management and Decision-making. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99(1), 1035-1043. This research paper on Integrated Information Systems was written and submitted by user Amber K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What a Shame View on Lynching essays

What a Shame View on Lynching essays What are the lives of a few negroes in comparison with the preservation of the impetuous instincts of a proud and fiery race? Mark Twain said it best in his short essay, Only a Negro. Southerners would come from hundreds of miles to see an African American be lynched by a racist crowd. African Americans were not given a fair trial; they werent given a trial at all. They were taken against their will and locked up until they were to be lynched. They were not just killed, but killed inhumanly for crimes not proven they committed. But isnt this murder? Technically, yes, but it was murder in racist towns of the South. Lynching of anybody is wrong and should have been stopped a long time ago. In July of 1776, our forefathers sat down and wrote out the Declaration of Independence. This document stated that every man was created equal. It also stated that we shall not be deprived, in many cases, of the benefits of a trial by jury. But no, the black man was no equal; he was treated as an inferior to the white man. And no, he was not given the same free rights of the white race. Racism and bigotry has always been around in the South where the black man was. Didnt we fight a Civil War over slavery and racism in the South? Do we have to fight another until it is stopped? The government did try to stop lynching by passing anti-lynching laws but failed. These laws would pass the House of Representatives, only to be defeated in the Senate. I wonder why? It couldnt be because of racist white officials, now could it? State and local governments did very little to curtail this vigilante violence; various laws against mob violence were seldom enforced. And why? Because whites were in power and African Americans could do nothing about it. The more a person knows the more educated they will be and this was what racist whites were afraid ofthat the Af ...

6 Things You Must Ask Before Accepting a Job Offer

6 Things You Must Ask Before Accepting a Job Offer Got the job? Great. Now you need a crash course in negotiating. Don’t be too difficult or demanding, but do ask for what you want and need- respectfully and professionally. Here are 6 things to make sure you discuss before you sign the contract.1. The Money You WantSalary is the number one negotiated term for any new position. Do your research into the industry standards for your position, taking into account any extra expertise you might have- or any missing links. If you’re going to ask for more money, be prepared to explain why you deserve it. And why it would be in their best interests to spend the extra cash to get you on board.2. SweetenersIf you’re lucky enough to be in a field that typically offers signing bonuses, that can help mitigate a slightly lower salary offer. Again, do your research. Don’t ask for anything extortionate or too far out of the ordinary. But do use it as leverage if the hiring manager says they’d really like to offer yo u a higher salary, but they just don’t have the authorization. Maybe they can get the authorization for a signing bonus.3. Vacay DaysTime off is important to most of us. It might even be more important to you than your annual salary. If this is your main demand, you can ease up on the money talk and ask for compensation in more vacation days. Don’t forget to mention that your productivity increases exponentially when you have time off to reset.  4. Regular ReviewsHungry to get up the ladder? Not totally jazzed by your new job title? Make sure to formally request performance reviews. If you’re doing your job well, this is the surest way to title bumps and increased compensation. Show ‘em what you’ve got!5. Moving MoneyIf you need to uproot and go halfway across the country, be sure to ask for relocation assistance. Most companies have a separate budget for this. Be sure to go into the negotiation with a clear idea of how much your move is going to cost so you know how much you’ll need to ask for.  6. The Opportunity for FlexibilityThis can be a tough one, since the company doesn’t know your work style yet. They don’t know how productive and fabulous you are, because you haven’t shown them. But if schedule freedom is that important to you, or to your work, it’s okay to mention it in these initial negotiations.Remember: negotiating isn’t easy. And salary is just one piece of the puzzle. Make sure you know what your needs and wishes are, then rank them in order of importance. You can’t ask for everything right out of the gate, but you can (and should) ask for the most important.

Research Methods in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Methods in Education - Essay Example Qulittive reserch tends to be ssocited with prticipnt observtion nd unstructured, in-depth interviewing. The methods of dt collection with which qulittive reserch is ssocited hve been employed by socil scientists for mny yers. The best-known of these methods is prticipnt observtion, which entils the sustined immersion of the resercher mong those whom he or she seeks to study with view to generting rounded, in-depth ccount of the group, orgniztion, or whtever. Unstructured interviewing, in which the resercher provides miniml guidnce nd llows considerble ltitude for interviewees, is lso fvoured technique. Most prticipnt observers conduct t lest modicum of such interviewing, but some qulittive reserchers use it more or less exclusively. The ims of such interviewing re quite different from the fmilir survey pproch. While some qulittive reserchers mke use of n interview schedule, others operte with loose collection of themes which qulittive reserch strtegy ws used in this study becuse this method fits better the chosen topic. Prticipnt observtion nd unstructured interviewing re the centrl dt gthering plnks since in this wy it ws possible to get closer to the people tht were investigted nd be less inclined to impose inpproprite conceptul frmeworks on them. Quntittive reserch is ssocited with number of different pproches to dt co... qulittive reserch strtegy ws used in this study becuse this method fits better the chosen topic. Prticipnt observtion nd unstructured interviewing re the centrl dt gthering plnks since in this wy it ws possible to get closer to the people tht were investigted nd be less inclined to impose inpproprite conceptul frmeworks on them. Quntittive Reserch Quntittive reserch is ssocited with number of different pproches to dt collection. In sociology in prticulr, the socil survey is one of the min methods of dt collection which embodies the fetures of quntittive reserch to be explored below. The survey's cpcity for generting quntifible dt on lrge numbers of people who re known to be representtive of wider popultion in order to test theories or hypotheses hs been viewed by mny prctitioners s mens of cpturing mny of the ingredients of science. (Hirschi's 1969) In frmes of quntittive reserch tht dt re collected on cross-section of people t single point in time in order to discover the wys nd degrees to which vribles relte to ech other. 2.2. The popultion nd smpling Prticipnts were 3 techers completing their Msters degrees nd plnning to work s secondry school prctitioners. Interviews were conduscted during the week. Every meeting took bout 30 minutes. ll nswers were recorded nd then noted down on the pper. ll prticipnts where told it ws strictly confidentil nd the interviews where rrnged by myself, we communicted by telephone nd emil. 2.3. Piloting Leedy & Ormrod (2001) recommend the use of brief pilot study to test the vlidity nd relibility of mesurement instrument, developed for specific purpose nd never previously tested or used in prctice. The mesurement instrument used in this reserch ws subjected to pilot test. The min reson

Examining the need for more fully accredited Schools of Architecture Essay - 1

Examining the need for more fully accredited Schools of Architecture in historically Black Colleges & Universities - Essay Example wer, and with the empowerment that these high learning institutions would give to the blacks, there were high chances that the blacks would no longer hear a thing that the white man said and thus cease to be their slaves (Gasman, and Tudico, 2008). The history of the start of historically black colleges and universities dates back in the mid and early 19th century. The first ever black colleges and universities were started secretly and they used to be located in hidden places such as basements of churches and box cars. This was a strategic move by the pioneers of these black colleges and universities so as to avoid the discovery of the white population of the existence of these colleges. Naturally, these colleges and universities started to grow and with the urge of more blacks seeking a higher education berth, more and more historically black universities started cropping up. Some of the pioneers of these universities, referring to the starters, include Mary M. Bethune, a desire of education that was inspired to open up a college with limited funds of less than $2 and less than 10 students back in the early 1900s. Currently, historically black colleges can boast of having brought up some of the black scholars that exist. The se include; W.E.D Du Bois, who went through Fisk University, Toni Morrison, who went through Howard University and the great revolutionist, Martin Luther King, Jr. who went through Morehouse College. To date, there are more than 106 colleges that can be accredited as historically black colleges and universities spread through the entire United States of America. As a result of the history behind the start of these historically black colleges and universities, most of them don’t boast of fully accredited high end courses that are being offered in them. In this case, high end courses refer to the courses that are considered in high esteem among the professional or career circles. These include courses such as medicine, architecture, courses

Advocating for the Inclusion of a Person Essay Example for Free

Advocating for the Inclusion of a Person Essay Some of the greatest medical advancements in the modern age involve the use of many different types of radiation. Radiation therapy is used in treating multiple different types of cancer, and radiation from certain elements are put in X-ray tubes to save countless lives and prevent permanent injury wherever possible. Many organisations also use it for security, as well as the general use in the everyday home. These advancements and many more were based on the work of Marie Curie, renowned female physics researcher. To make a list of people that changed the world for the better we need a way to separate the great, from the truly amazing. One important factor is that they helped people in their time period, and this is made more impressive if they sacrificed themselves to do this. Their work needs to still be felt today, either directly through their efforts, or from advances that have built on what they started. Finally, if the person has been recognised for other awards then that obviously bolsters their position as they have already proven to others that they are worthy of recognition. To change the world for the better, you must do something that helps people. Curie spent all of her working life developing technologies that were used in medicine, directly helping the people around her. She focused most of her energies on discovering, and then researching the properties of Radium and Polonium1. The properties of these elements, Radium in particular, were used to burn away diseased cells in the body2, which we now know to include cancer. As well as this, she also helped make X-Rays more accessible and discovered further ways in which they could be used. This is demonstrated in the work Curie did with her eldest daughter during WWI, setting up 20 mobile X-ray units3 and teaching people how to operate them, as well as taking their own unit to the Western Front. Throughout the war over 1 million people were X-rayed, helping doctors save lives and prevent people from being permanently maimed. In her later life Curie was the director of the Radium Institute in Paris. She recognised that science had become a more specialised field and organised the laboratory with this in mind. It was a major institute devoted to the study of radium and its properties, but it did so by separating scientists into small groups that focused their energies on a particular aspect of radiology. These efforts increased the rate of new innovations and increased our overall knowledge of radiation’s uses and dangers. It is these dangers that constitute part of her posthumous bid for this title. While not essential to be a person who changed the world for the good, if you put yourself through difficult trials and tribulations society puts your efforts in higher regard, as others are less likely to do so. For example, many people would say that although Bill Gates helped the world with the advent of Microsoft, but for all of his contributions the world values him less because of the wealth he has accumulated. In complete contrast to this, the research Curie did that has helped billions of people over the years since her discoveries ended up killing her. Her death in itself helped people, as she was likely the first person to die from radiation poisoning it became apparent that these elements could be dangerous in high dosages and adequate care must be taken. While it cannot be denied that she won a substantial amount of money from receiving two Nobel prizes as well as other awards she put this back into her research as can be observed through her campaigning to receive funds so she could afford another gram of radium for her research4. During the first World War Marie Curie created a real use for the more reliable and effective X-tubes she had developed. To help fund these 20 lifesaving devices, Curie sold off the gold Nobel prize medals she and her husband won4. After they were sent to the Front it became apparent that the medical staff were not aware of how to fully take advantage of the technology, as it had not yet entered most hospitals. To help relieve this issue, Ms Curie herself joined these X-ray units and travelled the Western Front. She did this on a battlefield in which it is estimated that around 8 million people died on over the course of the war. This put her in the way of much harmful radiation with none of the protection that is offered today, and with less developed X-ray machines that created a greater amount of harmful rays. There had already been mutterings of the harmful effects of exposure to these conditions, so it cannot be claimed she took these risks in ignorance of the dangers. Nevertheless, she continued contributing to the war effort, saving more lives than any brilliant tactical manoeuvre which have attracted far more praise. We still use Curies research today in the treating of many different types of illnesses. It was her initial mothering of Radiation that has meant that these discoveries have been possible in the current timeframe. While it cannot be doubted that if it wasn’t for her we still would have discovered some of these properties, we would potentially be many years behind in the battle against cancer, which would mean hundreds more unnecessary deaths every year. X-rays still form a big part of treatment plans in hospitals worldwide5 with it being the main method to quickly look at a person’s skeletal structure and diagnose broken bones as well as finding foreign objects inside someone. While there are other more accurate methods of finding information about peoples interior, they are more time consuming and often not suited to trauma cases where the line between life and death is mere seconds wide. The research into radiation has also been applied for other more mundane purposes. Some of Marie Curie’s research is used at airports in the X-ray scanners that protect over 100 million people every year6 from potential threats. It has the unique ability of being able to scan through all bags quickly without damaging the contents, revealing everything that could be potentially dangerous. Radiation is also used in high quality smoke detectors and luminous watches. Other uses include the tubes of some older TV’s, without which we may never have invested the resources into developing better, more cost effective means of producing what is today such an essential part of everyday life7. Curie’s life has also taught people about the dangers faced by scientists and how their work can lead to many different types of illnesses. It is because we know this we can now protect ourselves from the possible harmful effects of radiation. Whilst not essential criteria to be added to this list, if other organisations have recognised her contribution for their prizes, then we should take their considerations into account. Because she has qualified for these other awards it adds credibility to the claim that she has changed the world for the better. Throughout her life, Curie received many awards, most notably two Nobel Prizes, in Physics and Chemistry, she was the first to receive two Nobel prizes, and the only woman to have done so to this day. She has also been given the Davy Medal, for a discovery in Chemistry (Discovery of new elements), as well as the Matteucci Medal for making fundamental discoveries in Physics. This means that she has actually done ground-breaking work, creating an entirely new field – the field of Radiology, which today is a significant medical specialty. She has also been given the Elliot Cresson Medal for her discovery of the properties of Radon and applying them to the use of X-rays, m aking them more effective and easier to use, as well as the application of her discoveries to the treatment of cancer. 8 To be included on a list of people that have changed the world for the better is a huge honour. We all like to think that we have made a difference, but to be so committed that you will forgo your own safety takes a special kind of person. Marie Curie demonstrated to the world that she is this person. In addition, her efforts have been felt for many years after her life, and will continue to be appreciated indefinitely. Throughout her life Marie Curie worked tirelessly for the expansion of scientific knowledge in the area of radiation, and found many uses for her discoveries. Her life, and even her death helps mankind to save the lives of thousands of people every day and this is why she should be recognised as having one of the greatest positive impacts on the world to date. References http://www.xrayrisk.com/faq.php#q19 http://www.aip.org/history/curie/contents_text.htm http://www.biographyonline.net/scientists/marie-curie.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie http://www.myhero.com/go/hero.asp?hero=madamecurie http://www.spaceandmotion.com/physics-marie-curie-biography.htm http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/To-Z/X-ray-Machine.html#b http://www.bts.gov/press_releases/2009/bts019_09/html/bts019_09.html http://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/q824.html

Portrait of A Hockey Player :: Personal Narrative Writing

Portrait of A Hockey Player The year is 1992. I am ten years old. I am with my brother, Stephen, and my Uncle Seamus. We are in my uncle’s BMW on our way up to his winter home in Pennsylvania. It is around ten o’clock at night and we are starving. We decide to stop at a small restaurant on the corner of this dark road. This stop changes my life. During our meal my uncle mentions he knows Mike Richter. Mike is the goalie for the New York Rangers, a great professional hockey team. I’ve always liked hockey, but I never thought about playing it. I know now is the time to start, considering I have an advantage over other kids. I can meet Mike Richter from time to time and ask him questions. For the rest of our trip all I can think about is starting to play hockey. The year is 1991. Before I began playing hockey, I was the shyest person in my fifth grade class. I was always the one in the corner playing by myself. I had no friends, and more significantly, I had no confidence. Every year before I started playing hockey I was a terrible student. I never got higher than a C in school. The only things I looked forward to were playing video games and hanging out with my Uncle Seamus. I always had a great time with him. I finally get home from Pennsylvania, and I call the only person I know who plays hockey, my best friend Kenny. For the first time I tell him that I want to play hockey. From then on I play hockey every day after school. Until I can afford real goalie pads, I use a pair of couch cushions. I really start to get good. It also gives me the one thing I lack, confidence. In school, I start making friends, and we put a hockey team together. We start playing every day in a vacant parking lot up the block. I really know I am capable of being a good goalie. The year is 1994. I have decided to move from playing hockey in the streets to playing hockey on the ice.

Grandparent and Classroom Clinical Experience Essay

My classroom clinical experience overall was very interesting and educational. Educational in more ways than one, I gained a lot of hands on experience as well learned the basic routine of a nursing and rehabilitation facilities. I was introduced to some really great in the field skills as well some not so great methods of doing these skills. Things were not done to terrible bad just a few skills that I know I learned in class the correct way that should have been implied the correct way at the facility a bit better than they were. Now let’s discuss the wonderful residents that blessed my day and actually made me feel like I had done and accomplished something so absolutely wonderful at the end of the day. These individuals were just as precious as they could be some with great dispositions and some with unknowing dispositions if you will. There was one resident that just really stole my heart but I think she was a nuisance to the other staff there, simply because she was a bit needy or always turning on her light even though you were just in her room. I just melted for her; I felt she just wanted someone to talk to or to just be in the room with her. She seemed to be lonely as well a bit weak and just wanting to feel of importance. So I managed to peek my head in her door whenever I walked by just to say Hello to her. There was one other resident that just absolutely didn’t want to have anything with me the first day of clinicals as to where the next day she just talked and talked like I was one of her kind or something. It is amazing how just getting to know someone just a bit even if it is just seeing them or hearing their voice a few times will let a resident open up. There were a few things I really wished I had all the time of the day to express myself to a few of the staff to maybe let them realize that the residents are just as human as they are and that they are someone’s loved one and needed to be treated as equal as the next. As well they need to treat them like they would their great grandmother or great grandfather or even their mother or father, and some important skills need to be practiced more efficiently such as wiping and cleaning after bowel movements, touching the pillows, covers, faucets, and door knobs with dirty gloves. These two things are so important when it comes to cleanliness and the prevention of spreading germs and should be better practiced. Sometimes I wondered if the staff even washed their hands after they used the restroom. On a much lighter note and off my soapbox clinicals were a great experience and very enjoyable. I did get to actually put some of my skills of what was learned in class to use. I got to experience some good and some bad which was enlightening to help me overall with a better understanding of my skills. My classroom clinical experience overall was very interesting and educational. Educational in more ways than one, I gained a lot of hands on experience as well learned the basic routine of a nursing and rehabilitation facilities. I was introduced to some really great in the field skills as well some not so great methods of doing these skills. Things were not done to terrible bad just a few skills that I know I learned in class the correct way that should have been implied the correct way at the facility a bit better than they were. Now let’s discuss the wonderful residents that blessed my day and actually made me feel like I had done and accomplished something so absolutely wonderful at the end of the day. These individuals were just as precious as they could be some with great dispositions and some with unknowing dispositions if you will. There was one resident that just really stole my heart but I think she was a nuisance to the other staff there, simply because she was a bit needy or always turning on her light even though you were just in her room. I just melted for her; I felt she just wanted someone to talk to or to just be in the room with her. She seemed to be lonely as well a bit weak and just wanting to feel of importance. So I managed to peek my head in her door whenever I walked by just to say Hello to her. There was one other resident that just absolutely didn’t want to have anything with me the first day of clinicals as to where the next day she just talked and talked like I was one of her kind or something. It is amazing how just getting to know someone just a bit even if it is just seeing them or hearing their voice a few times will let a resident open up. There were a few things I really wished I had all the time of the day to express myself to a few of the staff to maybe let them realize that the residents are just as human as they are and that they are someone’s loved one and needed to be treated as equal as the next. As well they need to treat them like they would their great grandmother or great grandfather or even their mother or father, and some important skills need to be practiced more efficiently such as wiping and cleaning after bowel movements, touching the pillows, covers, faucets, and door knobs with dirty gloves. These two things are so important when it comes to cleanliness and the prevention of spreading germs and should be better practiced. Sometimes I wondered if the staff even washed their hands after they used the restroom. On a much lighter note and off my soapbox clinicals were a great experience and very enjoyable. I did get to actually put some of my skills of what was learned in class to use. I got to experience some good and some bad which was enlightening to help me overall with a better understanding of my skills.

Personal Literacy Narrative

To Learn Is to Change Life is full of risks, and that is what makes it so much more exciting. I took a risk in life when I switched from homeschooling to â€Å"real school. † This risk required me to walk through an unknown door. I quickly learned that in order to take a risk, I had to step outside of my comfort zone. If I had not taken that step to go out and try something new, I would not have learned how to survive in a new environment. We learn things in life by doing, and if we do not try things, there will be no growth.In the end I found joy in the journey of risk-taking. If I went back to the day I had the thought of going to â€Å"real school for the first time, I would have told myself the same thing: â€Å"Go for it. † When I walked through the school building’s doors for the first time, I was very nervous. I wondered how I would make new friends. What if the school work was difficult? I was homeschooled until the third grade, and when I began â€Å"r eal school† I surprisingly thrived in my new environment.At times I was bored at the slow pace my peers learned, and I made many new friends. The glory days of high school were some of my absolute favorite times. I was able to get into some challenging academic and musical programs that fully engaged my mind and prepared me for college. I had several teachers say they could tell I loved to learn by the amount of hard work that I put into my school assignments. What could I say? Homeschooling gave me a desire to learn. I enjoyed how much information I would reel in every single day.Frederick Douglass had a life full of chances to grow. For example, he learned to read and write as a slave. In his autobiography he states, â€Å"I wished to learn how to write, as I might have occasion to write my own pass. I consoled myself with the hope that I should one day find a good chance. Meanwhile, I would learn to write. † His soothing hope illustrates that we must be motivated fro m the inside. Douglass had confidence and acted for himself. He faced the truth that extraordinary things happen when we take a chance and open doors that life before us.Unless we do the things we fear and take a chance in life, we will never know the outcome. Homeschooling has shown me that education is a process that changes the learner. I truly am thankful for the experience of public school, and I treasure the years that I spent learning at home, especially. I am thankful that I had faith to explore the unknown. Homeschooling taught me that I can confidently open up new doors in the future that will have so much to offer. There is always more mystery.

Homelessness1 essays

Homelessness1 essays In our days we see more and more often people living in the street with no place to live and spent the night, especially in big cities, unsecured and usually with no food. These people are homeless. First we have to find the reasons that cause homelessness. Many believe that homeless people have no family or someone to care about them, or they lost their money and their fortune for some reason. Lot of them its true that they dont have anyone to take care of them, and live in public homes spending the night there and get some food by special restaurants which the state provide for them. The strange thing is that event how they have suggestions to get some work they refuse to earn some money and prefer to live in the streets. Many of them they chose to be homeless while other the born from homeless parents. Its true that these people usually have low educational back round and they dont really care about finding a job. Others are addicted to drugs and spend their time by committing crimes like stole and selling drugs. But what it can be done to get a solution for those people? Firstly the state has to provide a lot of places for them where they can find a secure place to live, we have to offer jobs to them and give them the chance to get their own money. We have to give them the chance to improve their knowledges so they get chances for a better job and way of life. ...

6 Disappeared LinkedIn® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them †Part I Events

6 Disappeared LinkedIn ® Partner Applications and What to Do About Them – Part I Events It’s no secret that LinkedIn has recently undergone a significant overhaul (thus the release this past Sunday of the 5th edition of Profile href=https://theessayexpert.com/services-rates/linkedin-profiles/how-to-write-a-killer-linkedin-profile/>How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile). One of the most major changes you will notice is that you no longer have a choice of utilizing LinkedIn Partner Applications such as Events, Amazon, TripIt, Box.net, WordPress and SlideShare. What’s a savvy LinkedIn user to do? Many of my e-book readers and blog subscribers have been asking me questions about how to handle this big change. This article and subsequent blogs for the next few weeks will go through six previously popular applications and review how to transmit the information you used to be able to share through LinkedIn’s partner applications. One of the first applications to disappear from LinkedIn was Events. Events was a platform from which to share live and web-based events with the LinkedIn community, and from which to track RSVPs. The application was eliminated suddenly and with little fanfare. There is no new magic trick to posting events to your LinkedIn page in the absence of the partner application. The only way I know of to announce events on the new LinkedIn is to publicize them directly from your Activity updates, which you can easily populate from either your LinkedIn home page or the Activity bar on your profile. You can share on both LinkedIn and Twitter by using this function. Home page image: Profile Activity bar image: Any updates you add will appear on your profile in your Activity section (the top section of the profile). Your updates will also appear in LinkedIn Signal, which is a running account of all LinkedIn updates that can be found under the News menu. Here’s a sample:    LinkedIn is no longer a viable way to obtain RSVPs for events. If you want people to RSVP, the best way is to provide a link to a page where people can RSVP, such as a registration page or gotomeeting webinar announcement. Once you post an update, you have the option to share it with groups and individuals. Just click on Share below the update and you will see the following screen:    Is your event selective? Invite an exclusive crowd by clicking on Send to individuals. Then write them an enticing note:    Hit Share and spread the word to the world! The more connections you have, the more people will see your post and possibly share it with their connections as well. Next week: What to do about your Amazon reading list? Want more tips on the NEW LinkedIn? Check out the #1 Best-Selling E-Book Profile href=https://theessayexpert.com/services-rates/linkedin-profiles/how-to-write-a-killer-linkedin-profile/>How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, 5th edition just released! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 21, 2013 2 Comments Cathy Yerges says: January 22, 2013 at 12:54 am Brenda, Thanks for starting this series on the lost apps of LinkedIn. Many of us are left finding new ways to engage with our connections. As far as events, I would also add that a person could promote their event on their LinkedIn profile in the summary section and the website url section. These two places would remain static on your profile until you changed them again. This would promote your event to those that view your profile and may not have seen the update. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: January 22, 2013 at 12:57 am Great idea Cathy thank you! If you are not using all the characters in your summary or all three websites in your website list, your idea would be an option. And an update would go out announcing that you updated your profile; overall I think posting to Activity updates will reach more people, but might as well approach the situation from multiple angles! Log in to Reply

'Please answer me as soon as possible - Pragmatic failure in Essay

'Please answer me as soon as possible - Pragmatic failure in non-native speakers' email request to faculty' - Critical analysis - Essay Example nomidou-Kogetsidis states that such aspects of e-mail message as directness, the lack of greetings, and improper usage of titles and names are all aspects of an e-mail which convey to the recipient the perception of impoliteness. Imperatives are especially tricky in this regard, as the recipients invariably see imperatives, without modifiers, to be rude, even when accompanied with the word â€Å"please.† The way to modify imperatives, however, are to acknowledge the burden on the professors’ time. Such an example of this would be to say, instead of, â€Å"please give me the notes for the class I missed,† to say â€Å"if it is not a bother, and not too time-consuming, could you please send me the notes for the class that I missed.† Moreover, students used grounders most often as a way of modifying the message, and grounders are reasons why a student has to make the request (â€Å"I need notes for Thursday, as I had to take my sick grandmother to the hospit al that day†). Although Economidou-Kogetsidis states that there are alternative explanations for the students’ overall directness in composing the e-mails and lack of greetings, including the fact that Greek is different from English, that is most likely a function of young people to be direct and brief, and that the students are using avoidance strategies, Economidou-Kogetsidis states that the students should still learn the proper modes of e-mail communication to avoid pragmatic failure in the future. This piece of research fits into the larger research context in that it deals with pragmatics, and the field of pragmatics is the rubric under which this research falls. In particular, the study of pragmatics is the study of how a linguistic content of a statement and the context of its enunciation affect reasoners inferences and interpretation of what is said (Oaksford & Chater, 2010, p.. 233). A person may make pragmatic inferences based on lexical inferences, and lexical inferences are â€Å"the process by

The Marine Insurance Act 1906 states 'Subject to the provision of this Assignment

The Marine Insurance Act 1906 states 'Subject to the provision of this Act, every person has an insurable interest who is interested in a marine adventure' - Assignment Example Those with insurable interest in marine insurance includes everyone who would suffer loss in the event of the insured risk occurring. Such include the owner of the consignment under shipping, the seller of the goods, the mortgager and mortgagee among others. The paper will discuss when insurable interest exists according to the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and outline hull and cargo interests which define the types of marine insurance. Noussia (1) and Giaschi (1) note that at around 215 B.C., the Lloyds of London developed measures to ensure that they are protected against losses incurred during their trades as they ship cargo to West Indies. Merchants would come together and have each of them bear part of the maritime risk such that they would share any losses occurring during such adventures. With time, the strategy shifted to using individuals who did not have any interest in these adventures where they would pay premiums to them and transfer maritime risks to them. In the modern world, commercial insurers bear the cost of compensation by accepting premiums depending on the magnitude of the risk involved. According to the National Archives, marine insurance refers to the insurer undertaking to indemnify the assured against losses occurring during a marine adventure as per their agreement, in manner and extent. This could be extended through its express terms to cover against losses on land or inland waters as a consequence of sea voyage. According to the UK Marine Insurance Act 1906, referred to as the mother of all statues on marine insurance by Birds (5), everyone interested in a maritime adventure has insurable interest. Such persons could have a legal relation to the adventure or could have property therein that could be insured, of which, its safety or due arrival would be of direct benefit. Loss, damage or detention of such property